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BMC A-Series engine

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An 848 cc A-Series Engine in a 1963 Austin Mini

Austin Motor Company's small straight-4 automobile engine, the A-Series, is one of the most common in the world. Launched in 1951 with the Austin A30, production lasted until 2000 in the Mini. It used a cast-iron block and cylinder head, and a steel crankshaft with 3 main bearings. The cylinder head for the overhead valve version of the Austin series A engine was designed by Harry Weslake — a cylinder head specialist famed for his involvement in SS (Jaguar) engines and several F1 title winning engines.

The A-Series design was licensed by Nissan of Japan, along with other Austin designs. That company quickly began modifying the A-Series, and it became the basis for many of the following Nissan engines.

A version of the A Series engine was used as the auxiliary power unit on the British Centurion Main Battle Tank.

Contents

[edit] Specifications

BMC A-Series engines
Displacement Bore Stroke Compression
ratio		 Carburation Horsepower @rpm Torque @rpm Head
material		 Block
material		 Valves per
cylinder		 Cam
location		 Valvetrain
803 cc 58 mm 76.2 mm 7.5:1 one SU H2 sidedraft 30 bhp (DIN) 5000 46 pd-ft 2700 Cast iron Iron 2 Block, side pushrod, overhead
848 cc 63 mm 68.4 mm 8.3:1 one SU HS2 sidedraft 33 bhp (DIN) 5500 44 pd-ft 2900 Cast iron Iron 2 Block, side pushrod, overhead
998 cc 65 mm 76 mm 8.3:1 one SU HS2 sidedraft 39 bhp (DIN) 4750 52 pd-ft 2700 Cast iron Iron 2 Block, side pushrod, overhead
1098 cc 65 mm 84 mm 8.5:1 one SU HS2 sidedraft 47 bhp (DIN) 5200 60 pd-ft 2450 Cast iron Iron 2 block, side pushrod, overhead
1275 cc 71 mm 81 mm 8.8:1 one SU HS4 sidedraft 57 bhp (DIN) 5300 69 pd-ft (DIN) 3000 Cast iron Iron 2 block, side pushrod, overhead


Note: All A-series engines up until mid 1970 were painted in British Standard (381c) 223 Middle Bronze Green. : Source Austin Morris (BL) internal documents archives.

[edit] A versions

[edit] 803

The original A-Series engine displaced just 803 cm³ and was used in the A30 and Morris Minor. It had an undersquare 58 mm (2.3 in) bore and 76.2 mm (3.00 in) stroke. This engine was produced from 1952-1956.

Applications:

[edit] 948

1956 saw a displacement increase, to 948 cm³. This was accomplished by boring the block out to 62.9 mm (2.48 in) while retaining the original 76.2 mm (3.00 in) stroke. It was produced through to 1964.

Applications:

  • 1956-1962 Austin A35, 34 hp (25 kW) at 4750 rpm and 50 lb·ft (68 N·m) at 2000 rpm
  • 1956-1962 Morris Minor 1000, 37 hp (28 kW) at 4750 rpm and 50 lb·ft (68 N·m) at 2500 rpm
  • 1958-1961 Austin A40 Farina, 34 hp (25 kW) at 4750 rpm and 50 lb·ft (68 N·m) at 2000 rpm
  • 1958-1961 Austin-Healey Sprite, 43 hp (32 kW) at 5200 rpm and 52 lb·ft (71 N·m) at 3300 rpm
  • 1961-1962 Austin A40 Farina MkII, 37 hp (28 kW) at 5000 rpm and 50 lb·ft (68 N·m) at 2500 rpm
  • 1961-1964 Austin-Healey Sprite MkII, 46 hp (34 kW) at 5500 rpm and 53 lb·ft (72 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1961-1964 MG Midget, 46 hp (34 kW) at 5500 rpm and 53 lb·ft (72 N·m) at 3000 rpm

A diesel version of the 948 cc A-Series engine (producing 16 hp (12 kW) @ 2,500 RPM and 38 lb·ft (52 N·m) torque @ 1,750 RPM) was produced for the BMC Mini Tractor. It was developed with the help of Ricardo Consulting Engineers. This engine has dry liners. The block is almost identical to the petrol engine. the oil pump has been removed from the camshaft and is driven by an extension to what would have been the distributer drive. A petrol version of this modified engine was 'reverse-engineered' for use in the Mini Tractor whilst retaining parts commonality with the diesel variant, rather than using a standard petrol A-Series unit. The diesel A-Series was also sold as a marine engine under the BMC name alongside the diesel B-Series engines.

[edit] 848

The 62.9 mm (2.48 in) bore was retained for 1959s 848 cm³ Mini version. This displacement was reached by dropping the stroke to 68.26 mm (2.687 in). This engine was produced through to 1980 for the Mini, when the A+ version supplanted it.

Applications:

  • 1959-1969 Austin Seven/Austin Mini/Morris Mini, 34 hp (25 kW) at 5500 rpm and 44 lb·ft (60 N·m) at 2900 rpm
  • 1961-1962 Riley Elf/Wolseley Hornet, 34 hp (25 kW) at 5500 rpm and 44 lb·ft (60 N·m) at 2900 rpm
  • 1964-1968 Mini Moke, 34 hp (25 kW) at 5500 rpm and 44 lb·ft (60 N·m) at 2900 rpm
  • 1969-1980 Mini 850/City, 33 hp (25 kW) at 5300 rpm and 44 lb·ft (60 N·m) at 2900 rpm

[edit] 997

The one-off 997 cm³ version for the Mini Cooper used a smaller 62.43 mm (2.458 in) bore and longer 81.28 mm (3.200 in) stroke. It was produced from 1961-1964.

Applications:

[edit] 998

The Mini also got a 998 cm³ version. This was similar to the 948 in that it had the same 76.2 mm (3.00 in) stroke but was bored out slightly to 64.58 mm (2.543 in). It was produced from 1962-1992.

Applications:

[edit] 1098

The 1.1 L (1098 cm³) version was produced for the larger BMC saloons. It was a stroked (to 83.72 mm (3.296 in)) version of the 998 previously used in the Riley Elf and Wolseley Hornet. It was produced from 1962-1980.

Applications:

  • 1962-1967 Austin A40 Farina, 48 hp (36 kW) at 5100 rpm and 60 lb·ft (81 N·m) at 2500 rpm
  • 1962-1971 Morris 1100/Morris Minor 1000, 48 hp (36 kW) at 5100 rpm and 60 lb·ft (81 N·m) at 2500 rpm
  • 1962-1968 MG 1100, 55 hp (41 kW) at 5500 rpm and 61 lb·ft (83 N·m) at 2500 rpm
  • 1962-1964 Austin-Healey Sprite MkII, 56 hp (42 kW) at 5500 rpm and 62 lb·ft (84 N·m) at 3250 rpm
  • 1962-1964 MG Midget, 56 hp (42 kW) at 5500 rpm and 62 lb·ft (84 N·m) at 3250 rpm
  • 1963-1974 Austin 1100, 48 hp (36 kW) at 5100 rpm and 60 lb·ft (81 N·m) at 2500 rpm
  • 1963-1967 Vanden Plas Princess 1100, 55 hp (41 kW) at 5500 rpm and 61 lb·ft (83 N·m) at 2500 rpm
  • 1964-1966 Austin-Healey Sprite MkIII, 59 hp (44 kW) at 5750 rpm and 65 lb·ft (88 N·m) at 3500 rpm
  • 1964-1966 MG Midget MkII, 59 hp (44 kW) at 5750 rpm and 65 lb·ft (88 N·m) at 3500 rpm
  • 1965-1968 Riley Kestrel/Wolseley 1100, 55 hp (41 kW) at 5500 rpm and 61 lb·ft (83 N·m) at 2500 rpm
  • 1973-1975 Austin Allegro, 49 hp (37 kW) at 5250 rpm and 60 lb·ft (81 N·m) at 2450 rpm
  • 1975-1980 Austin Allegro, 45 hp (34 kW) at 5250 rpm and 55 lb·ft (75 N·m) at 2900 rpm
  • 1968-1982 Mini Moke Australia only.
  • 1975-1980 Mini Clubman, 45 hp (34 kW) at 5250 rpm and 56 lb·ft (76 N·m) at 2700 rpm
  • 1979-1980 Mini 1100 Special, 45 hp (34 kW) at 5250 rpm and 56 lb·ft (76 N·m) at 2700 rpm

[edit] 1071

The 1071 cm³ version was another one-off, this time for the Mini Cooper S. It used a new 70.6 mm (2.78 in) bore size and the 68.26 mm (2.687 in) stroke from the 848. It was only produced in 1963-1964. Paired with the even rarer 970 cc version, below, it became that rarest of things: an oversquare A-series engine.

Applications:

[edit] 970

The Mini Cooper S next moved on to a 970 cm³ version. It had the same 70.6 mm (2.78 in) bore as the 1071 cm³ Cooper S but used a shorter 61.91 mm (2.437 in) stroke. It was produced from 1964-1967.

Applications:

[edit] 1275

The largest A-Series engine displaced 1.3 L (1275 cm³). It used the 70.6 mm (2.78 in) bore from the Mini Cooper S versions but the 81.28 mm (3.200 in) stroke from the plain Mini Cooper. It was produced from 1964 until 1980, when it was replaced by an A+ version.

Applications:

  • 1964-1971 Austin/Morris Mini Cooper S, 76 hp (57 kW) at 5800 rpm and 79 lb·ft (107 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1966-1970 Austin-Healey Sprite MkIV, 65 hp (48 kW) at 6000 rpm and 72 lb·ft (98 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1966-1974 MG Midget MkIII, 65 hp (48 kW) at 6000 rpm and 72 lb·ft (98 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1967-1968 MG 1300/Wolseley 1300, 58 hp (43 kW) at 5250 rpm and 69 lb·ft (94 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1967-1968 Riley Kestrel 1300, 58 hp (43 kW) at 5250 rpm and 69 lb·ft (94 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1967-1968 Vanden Plas Princess 1300, 58 hp (43 kW) at 5250 rpm and 69 lb·ft (94 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1967-1973 Morris 1300, 58 hp (43 kW) at 5250 rpm and 69 lb·ft (94 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1967-1974 Austin 1300, 58 hp (43 kW) at 5250 rpm and 69 lb·ft (94 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1967 MG 1275/Riley 1275, 58 hp (43 kW) at 5250 rpm and 69 lb·ft (94 N·m) at 3500 rpm
  • 1967 Wolseley 1275, 58 hp (43 kW) at 5250 rpm and 69 lb·ft (94 N·m) at 3500 rpm
  • 1967 Vanden Plas Princess 1275, 58 hp (43 kW) at 5250 rpm and 69 lb·ft (94 N·m) at 3500 rpm
  • 1968-1969 Riley Kestrel 1300/Riley 1300, 70 hp (52 kW) at 6000 rpm and 77 lb·ft (104 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1968-1971 Austin America (automatic), 60 hp (45 kW) at 5250 rpm and 69 lb·ft (94 N·m) at 2500 rpm
  • 1968-1973 Wolseley 1300 (manual), 65 hp (48 kW) at 5750 rpm and 71 lb·ft (96 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1968-1973 MG 1300 MkII, 70 hp (52 kW) at 6000 rpm and 77 lb·ft (104 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1968-1974 Vanden Plas Princess 1300 (manual), 65 hp (48 kW) at 5750 rpm and 71 lb·ft (96 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1968 MG 1300/Riley Kestrel 1300, 65 hp (48 kW) at 5750 rpm and 71 lb·ft (96 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1969-1971 Morris 1300GT, 70 hp (52 kW) at 6000 rpm and 74 lb·ft (100 N·m) at 3250 rpm
  • 1971-1982 Mini Moke Californian Australian only.
  • 1969-1974 Mini 1275GT, 59 hp (44 kW) at 5300 rpm and 65 lb·ft (88 N·m) at 2550 rpm
  • 1969-1974 Austin 1300GT, 70 hp (52 kW) at 6000 rpm and 74 lb·ft (100 N·m) at 3250 rpm
  • 1971-1980 Morris Marina, 60 hp (45 kW) at 5250 rpm and 69 lb·ft (94 N·m) at 2500 rpm
  • 1971 Austin Sprite, 65 hp (48 kW) at 6000 rpm and 72 lb·ft (98 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1973-1980 Austin Allegro, 59 hp (44 kW) at 5300 rpm and 69 lb·ft (94 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1974-1980 Mini 1275GT, 54 hp (40 kW) at 5300 rpm and 65 lb·ft (88 N·m) at 2550 rpm

[edit] A-Plus versions

British Leyland was keen to update the old A-Series design in the 1970s. However, attempts at replacement, including an aborted early-70s K-Series engine and an OHC version of the A-Series, ended in failure. The little A-Series just worked too well. So the "A-Plus" was born. By tweaking the engine, BL engineers were able to extract more power without affecting torque. Some engine components were also replaced with more-reliable designs.

[edit] 998 Plus

The A-Plus version of the 998 cm³ motor was produced from 1980-1992.

Applications:

  • 1980-1982 Mini 1000/City/HL, 39 hp (29 kW) at 4750 rpm and 52 lb·ft (71 N·m) at 2000 rpm
  • 1980-1982 Austin Allegro, 44 hp (33 kW) at 5250 rpm and 52 lb·ft (71 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1980-1990 Austin Metro, 41 hp (31 kW) at 5400 rpm and 51 lb·ft (69 N·m) at 2700 rpm
  • 1982-1988 Mini HLE/City E/Mayfair, 40 hp (30 kW) at 5000 rpm and 50 lb·ft (68 N·m) at 2500 rpm
  • 1981-1986 Austin Metro HLE 46 bhp (34 kW) and 52 lb·ft (71 N·m)
  • 1988-1992 Mini City/Mayfair, 42 hp (31 kW) at 5250 rpm and 58 lb·ft (79 N·m) at 2600 rpm

[edit] 1275 Plus

The big 1.3 L (1275 cm³) engine was also given the "A-Plus" treatment. This lasted from 1980-2000, making it the last of the A-Series line.

Applications:

  • 1980-1982 Austin Allegro, 62 hp (46 kW) at 5600 rpm and 72 lb·ft (98 N·m) at 3200 rpm
  • 1980-1984 Morris Ital, 61 hp (45 kW) at 5300 rpm and 69 lb·ft (94 N·m) at 2950 rpm
  • 1980-1990 Austin Metro, 63 hp (47 kW) at 5650 rpm and 72 lb·ft (98 N·m) at 3100 rpm
  • 1982-1989 MG Metro, 72 hp (54 kW) at 6000 rpm and 73 lb·ft (99 N·m) at 4000 rpm
  • 1983-1985 Austin Maestro HLE, 64 hp (48 kW) at 5500 rpm and 73 lb·ft (99 N·m) at 3500 rpm
  • 1983-1993 Austin Maestro, 68 hp (51 kW) at 5800 rpm and 75 lb·ft (102 N·m) at 3500 rpm
  • 1984-1989 Austin Montego, 68 hp (51 kW) at 5600 rpm and 75 lb·ft (102 N·m) at 3500 rpm
  • 1989-1990 MG Metro GTa, 73 hp (54 kW) at 6000 rpm and 73 lb·ft (99 N·m) at 4000 rpm
  • 1990-1991 Mini Cooper, 61 hp (45 kW) at 5550 rpm and 61 lb·ft (83 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1990-1991 Mini Cooper S, 78 hp (58 kW) at 6000 rpm and 78 lb·ft (106 N·m) at 3250 rpm
  • 1991-1996 Mini Cooper 1.3i/Cabriolet, 63 hp (47 kW) at 5700 rpm and 70 lb·ft (95 N·m) at 3900 rpm
  • 1991-1996 Mini Cooper S 1.3i, 77 hp (57 kW) at 5800 rpm and 80 lb·ft (110 N·m) at 3000 rpm
  • 1992-1996 Mini Sprite/Mayfair, 50 hp (37 kW) at 5000 rpm and 66 lb·ft (89 N·m) at 2600 rpm

[edit] 1275 Turbo

Turbo versions lasted from 1983-1990.

Applications:

  • 1983-1989 MG Metro Turbo, 94 hp (70 kW) at 6130 rpm and 85 lb·ft (115 N·m) at 2650 rpm
  • 1989-1990 Mini ERA Turbo, 94 hp (70 kW) at 6130 rpm and 85 lb·ft (115 N·m) at 3600 rpm

The later ERA version had a revised setting in the ECU to give less low down torque to stop premature gearbox wear.

[edit] 1275 TPi

A special "twin-port injection" version of the 1.3 L (1275 cm³) engine was developed by Rover engineer, Mike Theaker. It was the last A-Series variant, produced from 1997-2000.

Applications

JOHN COOPER GARAGES

During the 1990s, Mini Cooper revival, John Cooper Garages offered a number of factory-approved "Cooper S" and "Cooper Si" upgrades to the standard Coopers. The conversions came with a full Rover warranty, and could initially be fitted by any franchised Rover dealer.

S pack (carb) 77 bhp (57 kW) - 1st Si pack (Spi) 77 bhp (57 kW) - 2nd Si pack (Spi) 82 bhp (61 kW) - 3rd Si pack (Spi) 86 bhp (64 kW) - 1997 Si pack (Tpi) 85 bhp (63 kW) @ 5500rpm - 1999 Si pack (Tpi) 90 bhp (67 kW) @ 6000rpm[1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ http://www.aronline.co.uk/engineaseriesf.htm

Northey, Tom, editor in chief. World of Automobiles (London: Orbis Publishing, 1974), Volume 9, p.1054, "Mini", and Volume 2, p.121, "Austin Allegro."


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